26-Oct
Oct 26 – BIRTHS – Scientists born on October 26th
Frank C. DeSua
Born 26 Oct 1921; died xvi January 2013 at historic period 91. quotes
American mathematician.
Shiing-shen Chern
Born 26 Oct 1911; died 3 Dec 2004 at age 93. quotes
Chinese-American mathematician and educator whose researches in differential geometry include the development of the Chern feature classes in fibre spaces, which play a major role in mathematics and in mathematical physics. "When Chern was working on differential geometry in the 1940s, this surface area of mathematics was at a low betoken. Global differential geometry was simply beginning, even Morse theory was understood and used by a very small-scale number of people. Today, differential geometry is a major discipline in mathematics and a large share of the credit for this transformation goes to Professor Chern."- C North Yang, quoted from the book, Chern, a groovy geometer of the twentieth century.(1992)
W. Lloyd Warner
Born 26 Oct 1898; died 23 May 1970 at age 71.
W(illiam) Lloyd Warner was an American sociologist and anthropologist who is remembered for authoring studies of social class structure. He pioneered in applying anthropology research methods in the field of the gimmicky urban social community. In his Yankee Metropolis (v vols.), he merged an ethnographic perspective gained from fieldwork amidst Australian aborigines with information gathered from formal interviews for his social report of a New England city, Yankee City. He was the first sociologist to utilise a half-dozen-fold classification. In studying the old town, Warner recognised three singled-out groups - upper, middle and lower classes - each sub-divided into upper and lower sections. The topmost, or upper-upper class, was equanimous of the wealthy onetime families; the lower-lower class represented the poorest.«
Yankee City, by W. Lloyd Warner (ed.). - book suggestion.
Charles Eugene Bedaux
Born 26 Oct 1887; died 18 February 1944 at age 56.
French-American efficiency engineer who developed the Bedaux programme for measuring and compensating industrial labour. Bedaux was born in Paris in 1886 and migrated to the U.South. early in the 20th century. He became one of the pioneering contributors to the field of scientific management. Bedaux worked out various ideas about measuring human free energy: these provided the basis for the innovative work report programs that atomic number 82 to startling improvements in productivity. Bedaux introduced the concept of rating assessment in timing work. He adhered to Gilbreth's introduction of a residue allowance to allow recovery from fatigue. He is also known for extending the range of techniques employed in piece of work study, including value analysis.
Gaetano Arturo Crocco
Born 26 Oct 1877; died 19 January 1968 at age 90.
Italian pioneer in aeronauticsand space scientific discipline who designed revolutionary airships and patented an early on circadian pitch blueprint for helicopter rotors (1906). While the design of helicopters was in its infancy, Crocco recognized that a style to modify the pitch cyclically on the blades was needed if a helicopter was to work properly in frontwards flight. He designed a number of airships in the early on part of the 20th century and switched to designing rocket engines in the 1920s. Crocco founded the Italian Rocket Order (1951) and made many contributions to the theory of spaceflight. He calculated that a spacecraft could travel from Earth to Mars, perform a reconnaissance Mars flyby (without orbit), and return to World in a total fourth dimension of near one year.«
Max Mason
Born 26 Oct 1877; died 23 Mar 1961 at historic period 83.
American mathematical physicist, educator, and science administrator. During World War I he invented several devices for submarine detection - several generations of the Navy's "M," or multiple-tube, passive submarine sensors. This apparatus focused audio to define its source. To make up one's mind the direction from which the sound came, the operator needed only to seek the maximum output on his earphones by turning a dial. The final device had a range of 3 miles. Mason's special interest and contributions lay in mathematics (differential equations, calculus of variations), physics (electromagnetic theory), invention (acoustical compensators, submarine-detection devices), and the assistants of universities and foundations.
C(harles) W(illiam) Post
Born 26 Oct 1854; died 9 May 1914 at age 59.
American industrialist who founded Postal service Cereal Company with the Grape-Nuts cereal he created. In 1890, a nervous breakdown had led Post to the sanitorium of Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, where he was fed on Kellogg'due south grain-intensive vegetarian diet. Early in 1895, Mail began the manufacture of Postum, a grain product intended as a coffee substitute, similar to one of Kellogg's concoctions. The manufacture of Grape-Nuts, based on some other Kellogg item, began the following twelvemonth. Mail's new company, Postum Ltd., achieved wide-scale distribution of its products through massive spending on advertising appealing to the health concerns of the American public. In 1929, Postum became General Foods Corporation.
Georg Frobenius
Built-in 26 Oct 1849; died 3 Aug 1917 at age 67.
Ferdinand Georg Frobenius was a German mathematician who made major contributions to group theory, especially the concept of abstract groups (with Ludwig Stickleberger) and the theory of finite groups of linear substitutions (with Issai Schur), that later found important uses in the theory of finite groups as it applies to breakthrough mechanics. He also contributed to means of solving linear homogenous differential equations. The fact and so many of Frobenius's papers read like present day text-books on the topics which he studied is a clear indication of the importance that his work, in many different areas, has had in shaping the mathematics which is studied today.
Lewis Dominate
Born 26 Oct 1846; died 12 October 1912 at historic period 65.
American astronomer best known for his compilation of two catalogues of stars (1910, 1937). In 1882 he led an expedition to Republic of chile to observe a transit of Venus. About 1895 Boss began to program a general catalog of stars, giving their positions and motions. After 1906, the project had support from the Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C. With an enlarged staff he observed the northern stars from Albany and the southern stars from Argentina. With the new information, he corrected catalogs that had been compiled in the by, and in 1910 he published the Preliminary General Catalogue of 6,188 Stars for the Epoch 1900. The piece of work unfinished upon his expiry was completed by his son Benjamin in 1937 (General Catalogue of 33,342 Stars for the Epoch 1950, 5 vol.)
Giovanni Maria Lancisi
Born 26 Oct 1654; died twenty Jan 1720 at age 65.
Italian clinician and anatomist, personal physician to iii popes, who is considered the first modernistic hygienist. He obtained his Chiliad.D. in 1672, a month before age 18 years. Having examined the causes of sudden deaths, in 1706 he published De motu cordis mortibus, on the problems of cardiac pathology, and De motu cordis et aneuysmatibus (1728). He carried out extensive anatomical and physiological studies, also epidemiology studies on malaria, influenza and cattle plague. In 1717, reverse to the one-time conception of "mal' aria " - literally, "bad air" - Lancisi observed that the lethal fever, malaria, disappeared when the swamps near to the city were cleared. He concluded that injurious substances transmitted from flies and mosquitos were the origin of the affliction.
Carl Sagan: In science it often happens that scientists say, 'You know that'southward a actually good argument; my position is mistaken,' and then they would actually alter their minds and yous never hear that old view from them over again. They really exercise it. It doesn't happen equally frequently every bit it should, because scientists are human and change is sometimes painful. But it happens every twenty-four hour period. I cannot recall the last time something like that happened in politics or faith. (1987) ...(more past Sagan)Oct 26 – DEATHS – Scientists died on October 26th
Geoff Tootill
Died 26 Oct 2017 at historic period 95 (born iv Mar 1922).
Geoffrey Colin Tootill was an English reckoner scientist who, with Tom Kilburn, joined the project of Frederick Williams to blueprint a computer memory. To examination the memory, a figurer nicknamed "Infant" was built, which was the world's outset stored-program computer. The machine used a novel method to store up to 32 instructions or numbers on a cathode ray tube display. On 21 June 1948, it finished its outset successful test, spending 52 minutes, and about three and a one-half one thousand thousand arithmetics operations, to find the highest proper factor of 218.«
Arthur Kornberg
Died 26 Oct 2007 at age 89 (born 3 Mar 1918).
American biochemist and doctor who shared the 1959 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (with Severo Ochoa) for the "discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid" Kornberg showed not only how DNA molecules are duplicated both in nature within bacterial cells, but as well isolated the first Dna polymerising enzyme (1958), and reproduced the process in the test tube. His research included studying the nucleic acids which control heredity in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses.«
Hans Walter Kosterlitz
Died 26 October 1996 at age 93 (born 27 Apr 1903).
German language-built-in British pharmacologist who had already retired from the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, when he discovered (1975), with John Hughes, enkephalins, ii potent naturally occurring opiates in the brain. Enkephin was the first known opioid produced past the human body. This opiate-like substance was produced by the brain in response to the perception of hurting. Kosterlitz's discovery illuminated the brain's role in pain modulation and had directly clinical implications.
Alfred Tarski
Died 26 October 1983 at historic period 81 (born 14 January 1902). quotes
Smoothen-American mathematician and logician who made important studies of full general algebra, measure theory, mathematical logic, set theory, and metamathematics. Formal scientific languages tin exist subjected to more thorough study by the semantic method that he developed. He worked on model theory, mathematical decision issues and with universal algebra. He produced axioms for "logical issue," worked on deductive systems, the algebra of logic and the theory of definability. Grouping theorists study "Tarski monsters," space groups whose being seems intuitively incommunicable.
Alfred Tarski: Life and Logic, by Anita Burdman Feferman. - volume suggestion.
Igor I. Sikorsky
Died 26 Oct 1972 at age 83 (born 25 May 1889). quotes
Igor Ivan Sikorsky was a Russian-built-in U.S. pioneer in shipping design who is best known for his successful development of the helicopter. His earliest successes were with fixed-wing aircraft, including his prize-winning S-6-A (1912) which led to a position as head of the aviation subsidiary of the Russian Baltic Railroad Motorcar Works. In this position, as a consequence of a musquito-clogged carburetor and subsequent engine failure, he had the radical idea of an aircraft having more than than one engine. Thus he produced the first multi-engine airplane, the four-engined "The Grand." This revolutionary aircraft featured such things as an enclosed cabin. a lavatory, upholstered chairs and an exterior catwalk atop the fuselage then passengers could take a turn virtually in the air.[Image: from U.S. airmail postage stamp postage]
Marcel Gilles Jozef Minnaert
Died 26 Oct 1970 at historic period 77 (built-in 12 Feb 1893).
Flemish astronomer and solar physicist who was one of the pioneering solar researchers during the first one-half of the 20th century. Applying solar spectrophotometry, he was one of the first to make quantitative measurements of the intensity distribution within Fraunhofer lines, and translate from them information about the outer solar layers. His range of study also included comets, nebulae and lunar photometry. During the time he was manager of the observatory at the University of Utrecht, (1937-1963) he created a modern astronomical institute to written report solar and stellar spectra with resources including a solar telescope, spectrograph, photometer, and mechanical workshop. Minnaert also maintained a strong interest in the didactics of physics teachers, and every bit a univeristy professor gave clear, enthusiastic and well-prepared lectures.«.
Gerty Cori
Died 26 Oct 1957 at age 61 (born 15 Aug 1896).
Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori was a Czech-American biochemist who met her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori while attending medical school in Prague (married 1920). They decided upon careers in medical research, took positions in America in 1922, and became U.S. citizens in 1928. They both shared the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with Bernardo Houssay). The Coris were recognized "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen." After Marie Curie and Irène Joliot-Curie, Gerty was the female Nobelist in science.«
Sir Aurel Stein
Died 26 Oct 1943 at historic period 80 (born 26 Nov 1862).
Sir (Marking) Aurel Stein was an Hungarian-British archeologist and geographer, born in Budapest, whose travels and research in central Asia, specially in Chinese Turkistan, revealed much nigh its strategic role in history. In 1906, Stein uncovered a group of mummified corpses near Loulan, in Central Asia. Their well-preserved bodies were clad in woollen garments and they wore alpine felt hats decorated with jaunty feathers. The men were bearded and their facial features seemed European. Stein dated them to c.100 BC. When the Dunhuang Caves, China, closed for centuries, were reopened, he discovered xv,000 manuscripts (1907), including the Diamond Sutra, reputed to be the first dated printed book (868 A.D.).
Charles Proteus Steinmetz
Died 26 Oct 1923 at age 58 (born 9 April 1865). quotes
German-American electrical engineer and inventor whose theories and mathematical analysis of alternating current systems helped establish them as the preferred form of electric free energy in the United States, and throughout the globe. In 1893, Steinmetz joined the newly organized General Electric Company where he was an engineer and then consultant until his death. His early research on hysteresis (loss of power due to magnetic resistance) led him to study alternating current, which could eliminate hysteresis loss in motors. He did all-encompassing new work on the theory of a.c. for electrical engineers to utilise. His last research was on lightning, and its threat to the new Air-conditioning ability lines. He was responsible for the expansion of the electric power industry in the U.S.
George Robert Stephenson
Died 26 Oct 1905 at age 86 (born 20 October 1819).
English railroad engineer who contributed to the pioneering work of his uncle George Stephenson and his cousin Robert Stephenson. He began his career in 1837, assisting his uncle on the construction of a railway from Manchester to Leeds. He helped his cousin build the Victoria tubular bridge across the St. Lawrence River in Canada. Afterwards, he functioned independently as a consultant and designer on railway projects, bridges and tunnels in England, New Zealand and Denmark. Upon Robert's death in 1859, George Robert became director of the Newcastle locomotive works.«
Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchayev
Died 26 October 1903 at age 57 (born 17 February 1846).
Russian geomorphologist, Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchayev, pioneered the study of soil creation processes and their nomenclature. Dokuchayev regarded the composition of soil as the product of the combined interaction of climate, boulder, and organisms. Thus, he showed (1898) that different soils of dissimilar areas may result from similar boulder material when climate is differs. In this fashion, he was first the recognition of biomes. He introduced (1883) the term chernozem for a type of rich blackness soil, rich in carbonates and humus, that occurs in the temperate latitudes of Russia.
Oct 26 – EVENTS – Scientific discipline events on October 26th
Baby Fae
In 1984, Baby Fae became the first new-born recipient of a cantankerous-species heart transplant. Dr. Leonard 50. Bailey, a middle surgeon at Loma Linda University Medical Center, California, transplanted a walnut-sized young baboon eye. She had been built-in prematurely 12 days earlier with hypoplastic left-middle syndrome, a lethal underdevelopment of the left side of the heart. Bailey suggested the experimental xenotransplant to the female parent. By 1977, 3 such animal-center transplants into adults had provided less than four days of life at best. Bailey believed the baby's underdeveloped immune system would be less likely to reject alien tissue, and a new drug cyclosporine would assistance. Baby Fae lived 20 days earlier complications caused her death.�
Killer smog
In 1948, a killing smog blanketed the modest town of Donora, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. The people of that working course community went to bed not knowing that a suffocating cloud of industrial gases would descend upon them during the night. The cloud, a poisonous mix of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and metal dust, came from the smokestacks of the local zinc smelter where most of the boondocks worked. Over the side by side v days, twenty residents died and one-half the boondocks's population - 7000 people - were hospitalized over the next with difficulty breathing. The Donora tragedy shocked the nation and marked a turning point nigh industrial pollution and its effect on wellness.[Image left: Donora, at noon on 29 Oct 1948] (Map source)
When Smoke Ran Like H2o: Tales of Surroundings Deception and the Battle Confronting Pollution, by Devra Lee Davis. - book suggestion.
Rotary washer
In 1858, a U.S. patent was issued for cycling reheated water in a washing auto, to Hamilton E. Smith of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (No. 21,909). His invention was an improvement for washing machines in which a reciprocating plunger acts on clothes in a tub. His invention placed two horizontal diaphragms in the tub. Both moved vertically with the activeness of the plunger. The upper 1 was perforated, and the lower one had a valve. Beneath the lower diaphragm springs pushed it upward as the plunger was lifted. Their motion acted to pump h2o into the tub from a circuit of pipe that included coils in a heating tank and drained libation h2o from the height of the tub. Smith improved his auto and obtained a second patent in 1863.
Source: https://todayinsci.com/10/10_26.htm
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